Second quantization

Induced Second Quantization

The notion of induced second quantization is introduced as an unavoidable aspect of the induction procedure for metric and spinor connection, which is the key element of TGD. Induced second quantization provides insights about the QFT limit, about generalizes Feynman diagrammatics, and about TGD counterpart of second quantization of strings which appear in TGD as emergent objects. Zero energy o...

Introduction to Second Quantization

Second Quantization Formalism

Quantum chemists we are seldom concern with phenomena involving variations in the number of particles, so they do not need to resort to quantum field theories to lay the foundations of their work (one exception are certain spectroscopic phenomena with require a quantum description of electromagnetic radiation). The standard quantum mechanic theory for material particles is then a sufficient bas...

An Introduction to Second Quantization

The idea is pretty similar to the idea of extension from 1-dimension to 2-dimensions. A point in 1-dimension is represented in R as x or y. If we take two copies of R, we get the space R ⊗ R in which we can represent a 2-dimensional point i.e. we go from x → (x, y). The operation ⊗ is known as direct product. Let us now examine how we can write a two particle state using two single particle sta...

Second Quantization and Lorentz Invariance

The problem of Lorentz invariance is treated in the conventional quantum field theory as follows: I) Field variables are transformed as classical quantities. II) Next, the procedure of the second quantization is performed in the new coordinate system. Then the commutation relations are retained to be invariant. However, as Wignerl) has pointed out, the invariance of the commutation relations do...